"Nandi" relics of the Hindu Budha Century 4

Indonesia is known as a multicultural country. Indonesia in the state there are various tribes, various cultures, including different religions. Religions officially recognized by Indonesia is Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, and Catholicism. From 5 different religions, Hinduism and Buddhism was the first to go to Indonesia or who formerly known as Nusantara. The entry of Hinduism and Buddhism brought a great influence on the development of social life in the archipelago.
According to the evidence that has been found, Hinduism first entered the archipelago is in the Kutai, on the banks of the Mahakam River, East Kalimantan around the 4th century AD. This fact is derived from the discovery of inscriptions Yupa. In the inscription Yupa did not mention the figure in the founding of the kingdom of Kutai, but the timing can be obtained by a comparison technique or techniques make use of comparisons. The letter contained the same letters the inscription Yupa in India in the 4th century AD. Since then the Hindu religion began to spread to different parts of the archipelago. In Java, the influence of Hinduism can be known with inscriptions describing the founding of the kingdom had a job that patterned Hinduism, including Tarumanegara kingdom, Mataram, Singosari, and Majapahit.
The growing influence of Buddhism Hinduism dab also indirectly affect cultural developments in various areas of the archipelago. In Hinduism known variety of the ceremonies of worship and various sacred objects. These are things that ultimately mix with the local culture that raises acculturation. One example of acculturation culture with local culture is Hindu temples. Rule-making temples in Indonesia is using the same rules as the rule-making temples in India, but the shape, relief models, and models adapted to the decoration on the temple culture of each region in Indonesia.
The influence of Hinduism and Buddhism are also very pronounced in the District Tulungagung. This is proven by the discovery of many relics of the Hindu and Buddhist in this area. Broadly speaking, the discovery of objects from the Hindu and Buddhist in Tulungagung can be grouped into two areas. The first region is the northern districts Tulungagung. In this region most of the objects found are patterned objects Hinduism, for example, is the discovery of Mirigambar temples, statues relating to the gods in the Hindu religion, as well as many found jaladwara. The second region is the southern districts Tulungagung. In this region most of the objects found are patterned objects Buddhism, for example, the discovery of Gayatri temple, Dadi temple, and temple Sanggrahan.
Tulungagung function of the temple in the district other than as a cemetery is a place of worship. God who was worshiped in Hinduism is Tri Murti. Tri Murti is the name for Lord Shiva, Lord Brahma and Lord Vishnu. Dewa Siwa regarded as the god of melting and is the god who has the highest position in comparison with the other gods. Lord Shiva has animal mounts (rides) are called 'Nandi'. Therefore, in some temple used to worship a statue of Shiva, Nandi.
Statue of Nandi also been found d daeerah Tulungagung. The statue was found in the Village of Spring. Nandi statue is probably a relic of the kingdom of Majapahit. This is because at about the 15th century AD Tulungagung District, who was then still called Ngrowo the territory of the Kingdom of Majapahit. Tulungagung that was once the domain of Majapahit lead in this area are found relics of Hindu-Buddhist. Heritage of Hindu culture spread across most of northern Tulungagung, whereas most of the relics of Buddhist culture spread in the southern Tulungagung.
Most people do not understand about the meaning Tulungagung statues of Hindu-Buddhist relic is. This causes the Tulungagung not know the importance of the objects. Remains, the remains were to be less well maintained. Society just consider it as something that is worthless. That's what led to the remains, the remains of the Hindu-Buddhist like Nandi statue was brought to the museum Tulungagung.

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Candi Gunung Gangsir

Temple Mount digger is a temple located in Temple Kebon Hamlet, Village of Mount digger, District Beji, Pasuruan regency, East Java. But not many people know about the existence of this temple. Because of this temple was never a field trip attractions and objects. Moreover, until recently, the temple was still in the process of restoration due to damage suffered. Temple Mount from the digger had improved from 2004 to the present. For the neglect of the restoration of this temple is the lack of rocks that can be used to restore the temple. In addition, to restore the temple reliefs, encountered many difficulties when it was discovered because of this temple is not in its entirety. Is estimated that the temple was built during the reign of Airlangga (http://indopedia.gunadarma.ac.id/content/125/3176/id/candi-gununggangsir.html accessed on October 8, 2011 at 11:40 pm)
According to the tomb guard, Mr. Edy Susanto, this temple was built not as a place pendharmaan king, but to honor a figure in the mythology of the local villagers who named Nyai Sri Gati or Mbok Rondo Dermo. In the past, present around the village called Village of Mount digger, the community life of wandering (nomadic) and similar eating grass. However, then the situation becomes precarious because food supplies were running low. Until there came a man named Nyai Sri Gati. He intends to help local people by getting them to pray to Sang Hyang Widhi to ask for help. Finally, relief came through a bunch of bird dropping grains near them. By Nyai Sri Gati, rice is planted. Several months later, the rice can be harvested. Seeing his success, Nyai Sri Gati was then taught to the public on how to plant and cultivate rice to be used as food. The story tells Sri Gati Nyai grains can be eaten, while the skin is turned into a gem that makes it rich.
Jika ditilik dari cerita yang dipaparkan oleh juru kunci, tujuan pembangunan candi dikarenakan berkembangnya pertanian di kawasan Desa Gunung Gangsir terdukung oleh adanya areal pertanian luas yang letaknya tidak jauh dari candi ini. Hanya berjarak sekitar 100 meter dari candi.
Candi Gunung Gangsir merupakan candi yang terbuat dari batu bata berukir dan memiliki 4 lantai atau 4 tingkatan. 2 lantai dasarnya merupakan tubuh dan atap candi yang sebenarnya. Denahnya berbentuk segi empat, sesuai dengan kriteria bangunan candi yang terdapat dalam kitab Silpasastra. Lantai dasarnya yang berbentuk segi empat memiliki sebuah tonjolan pada sisi timurnya, berlawanan dengan arah keletakan tanga. Tubuh dan atap candi juga memiliki bentuk dasar segi empat dan di keempat bagian sisi dinding tubuh candi juga memiliki bidang tonjolan yang rapi. Seperti candi-candi pada umumnya, Candi Gunung Gangsir pun memiliki relief-relief cerita. Hanya saja saat ini, candi kecil ini tidak lagi utuh sebab pada masa pendudukan Jepang, batu-batuan candi sering diambil (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candi_Gunung_Gangsir diakses tanggal 08 Oktober 2011 pukul 11.43 WIB).
Respon Masyarakat Setempat Terhadap Candi Gunung Gangsir
Masyarakat yang hidup di daerah sekitar Candi Gunung Gangsir yaitu di dukuh Kebon Candi dan Dermo adalah masyarakat yang mayoritas muslim. Namun mereka cukup menghargai dan welcome terhadap keberadaan candi yang notabene merupakan warisan agama Hindu ini. Terbukti dengan adanya usaha swadaya masyarakat dalam merawat Candi Gunung Gangsir dan halaman di sekitarnya. Candi ini diperlakukan selaknya barang peninggalan purbakala yang patut dijaga dan dilestarikan. Tidak ada sikap berlebihan terhadap candi ini seperti pemujaan, pengeramatan, dsb.
Sebagian besar masyarakatnya bangga atas adanya Candi Gunung Gangsir di desa mereka. Sebab tak semua desa punya aset cagar budaya masa lampau berwujud candi. Namun sayangnya, mereka tidak menerapkan sistem zoning terhadap candi ini dan kawasannya. Sehingga mereka tidak mengosongkan candi dan lingkungannya dalam radius tertentu. Candi yang dilindungi hanya sebatas bangunan fisik candi dan pekarangan seluas 200 m2 sedangkan sekelilingnya adalah pemukiman warga yang berdekatan, sehingga sampai saat ini pun belum bisa diketahui apakah tidak ada peninggalan-peninggalan lain yang bersangkutan dengan candi ini.
Daftar Pustaka
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candi_Gunung_Gangsir diakses tanggal 08 Oktober 2011 pukul 11.43 WIB.
http://indopedia.gunadarma.ac.id/content/125/3176/id/candi-gununggangsir.html diakses tanggal 08 Oktober 2011 pukul 11.40 WIB.
sebagian besar sumber adalah hasil wawancara dengan juru kunci pada April 2008.

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Reog Art Ponnorogo

Reog is one of the arts of the native culture of small towns namely Ponorogo. This traditional art often become debates by neighboring countries namely Malaysia that it used to be that mengeklaim is a native culture Reog, Indonesia was able to save but the culture is by registering to Reog United Nations legally-owned cultural and Indonesia.
Essentially made of series of skin Reog bamboo in a form such that it resembles a lion that has fur around the neck that is so dense, and a life in ornaments decorate the reog is a Peacock feather and skin of a tiger. Peacock feathers in the can from the results in the maintenance base of Ngawi and later in awetkan by the craftsmen reog. Then skin the Tiger used to headdresses reog retrieved from a tiger skin is dead, the intent of tiger skin which is dead is dead Tiger by itself without human intervention so that way not breaking the legislation in force in indonesia.
Reog Ponorogo in staging is done by lifting the Reog and bite on the back of his head that resembles a lion who was standing on top of it all, and a Peacock who sits in the neck of the head of a lion.
This culture is often on the encounter on a wide range of celebrations in various areas in Ponorogo plosok not alone but rather in various regions in Indonesia. And once every year as Reog Ponorogo Cultural Center Art Festival held in Indonesia follow Reog different regions all over Indonesia. So with the tersehut arts festival makes Reog is remained in the community and inedible by the globalisation era.

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